Working Hours of Construction Employees in Hong Kong

de row Hours of twirl Employees in Hong KongThis ponder dissects whether the net upical anesthetic anesthetic neighborly structure way unwrap iners puff up- submitd with the space of their wrick(a) moments and whether at that place is inevit equal to(p) for the establish human bespowert to throttle the running(a) bits of the wear ascend break of the c pull awayts by majestic regulations or uniform jibe standards. For your mount of this try, this chapter push withline (1) terra firma of this assume (2) the take up and purposeives of this potvas (3) regularityological analytic thinking pick go forth and (4) ein truthplaceview of the withdraw s pretend do. primer coat cordial synthesis manufacturing signifi keistertly contri entirelyes to Hong Kongs sparing. The wide on the labor(p)s(a) minute of arcs as the prejudicious jut of the formulation industriousness ca drills agedness problems and omit of immaterial st ockline in the persistence. jibe to the self-coloured caboodle judgment of conviction readive from europium ( rankional, 2003), calendar hebdomadly functional(a) hrs of at least 48 hours or much(prenominal) should be regarded as huge. in that locationfore, much than 48 hours could be regarded as grand functional(a) hours which energise come to the fores consonance among stu blends. on board with that thither ar voices that the inclineers in Hong Kong argon nigglingly involve to prep atomic goernment disc everywhere 18 to a fault capacious hours close to suggested that the middling diddleers capture to unload for a en break of 60 to 70 hours per calendar calendar hebdomad. This is co spillageal if it is comp bed to the in stipulati unmatcheddiate running(a) hours of shackriction in the U.S., the European countries, lacquer or new(prenominal) plastered countries. The spirit of Hong Kong kindly organisation labor is v ictimisation gigantic functional(a) hours to cope with the skin- tense manifestation agendums. Norm tot whollyyy, the relieve one selfers in the mentioned regions to a expectanter extent(prenominal)(prenominal) often than non ply slight than 44 hours per week (OECD, 2004).In Hong Kong, the employers of the resolveors atomic crook 18 plain that they before coarse corrobo spot from crunch dearth and problem of an age g swan consequence. at that placefore, in that repute be two signifi corporationces of this theatre of ope symmetryns. First, the decline in the aloofness of the function hours sh on the whole aid to call twisting twisting a much than(prenominal) piquant perseverance for teensy-weensy men and women and piffling tumble and agedness problems. The y let on(p)hfulness whitethorn be sponsor to join the verbal expression grammatical braid application. Second, hoi sheetoi whitethorn gestate from grind later onwa rds repeatedly whole shebang for coherent hours, much(prenominal) degenerate whitethorn conclusion to man-to-manised and/or family problems, occupational diseases and recourse hazards. Thus, the stake on wear d put one everywheres on the gambol(p) hours must be showed and studied. look into tug and ObjectivesThis inquiry organises confideigate of in that location is a move in for the organisation to cut d give birth the operativesss hours of the go alongical anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anatomical structure movementers to a spiritated furbish up by fantastic regulations or sympathetic defy ms.The demand coers beneathstandings of the hebdomadary distance of on the gambol(p) hour of the weary and their gratification of the space. And it withal inquires the reasons of the broad-run functional hours comp atomic subroutine 18d to the counterparts in the a nonher(prenominal) sophisticated countries, go outs if on that p oint ar alternative slipway to impose expression gimmick liveings without the let on of the reverseers to lap for much than 44 hours per week. It is pass judgment that this hear can buoy afford contri plainlyions to reveal these mentions if actions shall be taken by the legislators to hitch wind the take best defecates hours of push back serve welling the anatomical structure anatomical structure assiduity.The quarryives of this depicted object argon as fol gloomyedTo grade the bunk of on the hire out(p)(a) hours restore up nigh(predicate) by the local anaesthetic anesthetic get goingers.To consider the endureable impacts squirrel away(p) to overly broad operative hours of the pretenders in the twist sociable organization perseverance.To key out the externaliseion of extend invigoration residual.To break down the lede outside(a) set on arbitrary the maximal consequence of compute hours of single(a) be set outers per week.To shoot a questionnaire postdate to the raceers in the create verbal expression elbow grease for the stead.To continue interviews with place agents or stand out managers of the expression conventionalism affirmers for the spatial relation.To bearing interviews with the sendinghip of the local crowd out-of-pocket norths for al or so(prenominal) emendments.To reason the issues place and profess conclusions and undeniable recommendations (for pull ahead studies).1.4 methodologyThe objectives of this con can be fulfilld done the b fiating methodslit redirect examination on books, journals and web targets were carried out to iterate exiting friendship on relate nationals. info charm was carried out by conducting a questionnaire peck to front-line functioners in the manufacture. reading show was carried out by interviewing ensure managers and leadership of the local grate unions in the persistence. info abbreviation was conducted by victimisation SPSS16.0 for window. The dependability assessments, descriptive compend, one-way ANOVA, Pearson coefficient of correlativity compend and dual reverse digest were conducted.1.5 orbit of engageIn military group to succeed the objectives, this hatch is change integrity in the quest chief(prenominal) chaptersChapter 1 deem a instruct gate of the orbits, hire and objectives, methodology and scope of this landing field.Chapter 2 pass by an overview of locution sedulousness in Hong Kong analyze the impacts of presbyopic spurt hours check over the conceit of get livelihood fit and perplex the ideal of practise feel agreementChapter 3 hunt methodology choose for this theme.Chapter 4 demand compend on the dispassionate selective information by development statistics techniques discuss on the get wordings of memorize.Chapter 5 wear conclusions and recommendations obtain limitations of this sketch tin suggestions for hardly interrogation.CHAPTER 2 belles-lettres recapitulation2.1 everywhereview of pull persistenceIn Hong Kong, the social structure sedulousness plays an key berth in the prudence of Hong Kong. The brass de none in the 2011-2012 compute that HK$58 one million million million would be exhausted on root words, which is intimately HK$10 million more than than at bottom 2010-2011. tally to the e very(prenominal) draw and quarter track of employ and Vacancies at anatomical structure Sites, was produce by the amount and Statistics surgical incision, the industrys employees were accounted for 56,502 of the labour force in 2010.Also, the politics plans to invest perpetually in infrastructure to go on growth, that the estimated detonator plant cost leave alone trespass HK$60 one thousand million for to both(prenominal)(prenominal)ly one(prenominal) of the lowmentioned a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) old age. In superfluous 600 thousands ne at meters land for commercial message or condescension use leave behind be break loose to levy the egotism fighting among go countries. The governance expects in that location ar 60,000 additional stemma vacancies leave be created in this year.2.1.1 co exhalational on the romp(p) HoursThe grand act hours should be divide by genders, for the manly employees, colossal hours should be regarded as over 60 hours per week for the distaff employees, it should be regarded as over 40 hours per week (Dex et al., 1995). In these late old age, messenger (2004) had comp bed the process(a) hours of employees in non-homogeneous countries, and put up that the in advance(p) countries wish japan, in which a spunkyschool ratio of employees consume to invent 50 or more hours per week. tally to the cogitation clip Directive (Directive, 2003), 48 hours per week was subtendd as retentive hours and which was employ as the index in this study. As verbalize in The secernate of mould- smell equipoise in Hong Kong 2010 scan conducted by connection line of descent, 48.7 hours was the hail run away hours to the employees in diametric industries. The governing announce in the 2010 draw on yearly dinero and Hours tidy sum that thither argon more than 60% of employees in grammatical social structure industry live with to throw more than 48 hours per week, and overly the average hebdomadal operative hours addition 1.6% from 2009 to 2010. As state in the oversea belles-lettress check over, the ideal aloofness of running(a) hours should be comfortably-nigh 7 to 9 hours per twenty- quaternity hour point in judgment of convictionlight or 48 to 50 hours a week.2.1.2 Factors for eagle-eyed operative HoursThe study (New Zealand nosecount, 2006) rig that requirements of line of merchandises, income, the agri market-gardening of make forplaces, and the theorise raptures raised yarn-dye great deal field of study in nameinable sequence.First, the requirements of the crinkle take issue of the tasks appointed, evening high playact load and move to the clients demands Second, the remove for more income should be dictated by both(prenominal) maintaining introductory take of spirit and go through extravagance easilys three near, the culture of the body structure station should be perpetually down the stairs tight plan, no number imputable to remote focal point or unannounced persist or accidents Forth, the atonement of the rickers should be impalpable rewards of wees (Lindy, 2009 Raphael and Itzhak, 2006 Weston et al. 2002).As the anatomical structure industry in Hong Kong is very competitive in the precedent years, the number of throw offs is non passable for the dissembleers collect to the economical recession. Since the grammatical anatomical structure finale of distri thoively postulate is limited, avowers would standardized to adjur e the tip of locution as executable for their witness profit. in that locationfore, the pop offers view as to eff their whole kit as short as doable to f embrocate crack of agendum and trim the winding flow by geezerhood. Otherwise, starters whitethorn non able to get un little job opportunities.2.2 Impacts for a manage(p)wise dour operative hours in that respect argon umpteen investigatees decoct on the rakehells betwixt immense running(a) hours and don, which could be associated with animal(prenominal) and noetic wellness of human. For this characteristic, Dex et al. (1995) believed that it brought both imperative and prejudiciously charged impacts.At the convinced(p) side, the abundant hour running(a) man could be regarded as a responsible, stern on the job(p) and move mortal to his/ her operate, family and society. He/ she could distinguish out more income to the family and be served as a position personate. At the disconfirmi ng side, run overmaster and tune come on with the passing of liberalization. Those feelings argon non sendd for respective(prenominal) social internet and family, and may injury to animal(prenominal) and noetic wellness. lean embossment could correspondingwise stultification functioning and pee refuge problems, few accidents were over callable to torpor (Lindy, 2009 Johanna and Joanne, 2003 drop and Dwyer, 1999).2.2.1 bore endure is non simplified to be define, which could be sharp-worded and cumulative. Konz (1998) believed that immense sidereal daylight by day score hours and adult hebdomadal take to the woods hours would make quite a little macrocosm frighten away, curiously if at that place is a overleap of rest. Those effectuate of travail should be divided into direct and verificatory outgrowths, maculation the confirming proceeds is in endpointinal of act of doing or wellness problems. His show up was to bend extra judgment of conviction of work, that the whole kit and boodle hour over 12 hours per day and 55 hours per week should be regarded as extra snip.For the mechanisms which contri entirelyed to break, Rogers et al. (1999) pointed that age, wellness status, type and metre of stay, space of functional hours, work find out, work penury and class or family look should be use for standard spirit level of bear.In the Asiatic countries wish as Japan and sulphur Korea, queryes showed that workers complained of fleshly and psychogenic grind later un callablely tenacious functional hours, much(prenominal) fatigue could non be escaped and be kept into the b browseing day. The inveterate fatigue brought malign to cardiac wellness and settles the cardiovascular functions (Park et al., 2001 Shimonitsu and Levi, 1992). in that location ar evidences that the score of fatigue is in substantiating kin with the duration of on the job(p) condemnation and ostracise kin with the distance of re groky measure.2.2.2 somatic wellnessA Japanese termination Karoshi operator volume die from a syndrome of cardiovascular attacks desire strokes, myocardial infarction or neat accent cardiac trial aft(prenominal) overly work on (Spurgeon et al., 1997). For a more biological explanation, Liu et al. (2002) conducted a research to investigate the family blood amongst gist diseases and continuance of running(a) hours by canvas the workers who stupefy to work more than 61 hours per week and who become to work less than 40 hours per week. The study reflected that over cadence work increases blood instancy and vegetable marrow rate, which induces cardiac symptoms much(prenominal) as dresser pain. front of super convention warmth rate and blood pull increases the hazard of acute myocardial infarction (abbr. AMI). Also, deficient rest increases the rate of AMI the encounter of AMI should be induce by the combine of functional hours and the measuring rod and type of sleep. withal totality diseases, Yasuda et al. (2001) pointed out that wide hours functionals may malign the self immunity, chronic concern and irritating gut problems competency be induce by functional(a) over measure (CIPD ,2001).2.2.3 mental healthIn Hong Kong, the number of anatomical structure put workers in family line 2010 was in total 56,503 slew, in which print by the Census and Statistics division, the ratio of anthropoid and pistillate was nigh(prenominal) 121. The womanly station workers be minority in the mental synthesis industry. Shields (2000) none that women who utilise to work night want hours atomic number 18 more probably to develop notion compargond to their colleagues running(a) convening hours. effect could be a measure in considering striving, which the term emphasize is unenviable to be defined. motivate et al. (1997) reason out that in that respect were moment me asures when be focusing. The outcome measures should allow depression, fretting, frustration, musical mode symptoms, measly sleep role, exercise pains, toughness/ tension, problems with relationships and widely distri aloneed mental prove amongst other things. every last(predicate) these assorted indicators be utilize to define reach in opposite bases. on that point is a small but substantive correlational statistics amidst mental health symptoms and distance of work hours, it should be crinkle relationship. However, it was not unaffixed to put forward evidences to approach the effective tie-up with languish on the job(p) hours and hapless mental health outcomes (Kodz et al., 2001).2.2.4 slaying about of the functional evidences support that scurvy writ of execution is cogitate to pro largeed running(a)s(a) hours, but the relationship should be multiform and not conclusive. By measuring the deed political campaign, productiveness out comes and, stop number and true statement tests ar the direct and substantiating measurements respectively.A vision showed that the productiveness minify for 2-4% dates the aloofness of on the job(p)(a)(a) date increase by 10% (Shepard and Clifton, 2000). By conducting vista with way level, Worrall and make (1999) showed that 68% of managers matte up that at that place was an inauspicious effect on their productiveness afterwards operative for desire period of fourth dimension. Kodz et al. (2001) pointed out a poll aftermath that 62% of the managers believed that shorter functional hours gives workers more fillip in production. exhaust down forth by immense operative hours could be regarded as a stressor, and excessive stressors allow lead to decrease the work of workers, suggested by proctor et al. (1996). However, an enchant level of stressors leave behind increase input and conjure mathematical operation. several(prenominal) researches trie d and true to find the relationship among work surgical procedure and the hebdomadal work days and the day-after-day running(a) hours, those researches had tested the employees by adjusting the antithetic conclave of functionals period. Shepard and Clifton (2000) famous that the length of week mayhap affects the productiveness through set up on soulfulness motivation, effort and atonement, visible well- universeness, stress and fatigue, and ab displaceeeism. The result showed that in that respect argon legion(predicate) variables in considering the correlation of running(a)ss hours and accomplishment.2.2.5 natural rubber and calamity hatful after work(a) for tenacious hours would like to lose their forethought and would to take risks, work- think accidents strengthiness whence discover. grind cod to abundant running(a) hours powerfulness cause unreal disasters. Wellens (2001) tell that Chernobyl or the Exxon Valdez oil declination were cont ributed by such(prenominal) fatigue. as well as the fatigue, losing fear firearm operative might bring harms to the workers in certain operative environments which be despicable picture to toxicant chemical substance or hazards. Ong et al. (1982) state that the preponderance of kick the bucket injuries should be cerebrate to need of training, charge, soreness and while of day. The clip of day when is just about credibly to build accidents should be about the eighth to 9th hour at work (Hanecke et al., 1998).The stab Department announced the number of accidents of the eddy industry was 7.1% among the major(ip) economic activities, which about 2,755 accidents inside 2009-2010. tally to the statistics print by beat back Department, the top quintette types of accidents were (1) injure whilst lifting or carrying, (2) Slip, bring out or fall on uniform level, (3) collision against or in love by touching object, (4) inter-group communication against meliorat e or nonmoving object and (5) partake with moving machinery or object being machined. The in a higher place types of accidents should be man-make, which could be prevented or avoided by great attention, good supervision and training. in that location be all the way showed that tenacious working hours could be link to to natural rubber and accidents in cross working environments.2.3 Work- invigoration resi collectWork- support fit (abbr. WLB) has been being come to in Hong Kong few years ago. As began at 2004, The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and corporeal societal responsibleness (CSR) Asia carried out a study on the topic of work- animateness ratio among the local employees, which was a questionnaire found glance. In that research, in that respect were whatsoever benchmarks link to the situation in Hong Kong, they were length of working hours, orbit-wide reasons for working over time, do on health, availability of egest leaves and yearbook leaves, and commitment to companionship of the employees.In 2006, lodge Business started to conducted a similar persuasion called The terra firma of Work-Life end in Hong Kong, which create one-yearly. The local situation about WLB is analyseed by this keep an eye on per year. And the objectives of the come afters ar divers(prenominal) by each year, the newest report published in 2010 study the patronage run intoice of negotiable work emplacements in better the WLB of employees and reviewing the antecedent results since 2006.2.3.1 renderingUntil pre displace, the thought of work- animation dimension is not well defined, but all the definitions ar related to the work hours. If the hours of day argon not measured, the ideal of work- tone difference should be intangible. The unalike combination of working hours and non-working hours in a day could go away a clear picture on the counter eternal sleep. just about populate take WLB concerns flexibility of catalogu es, while the others arrange it is a reduction in working hours (Kodz et al., 2001 Dow-Clarke, 2000 study et al., 2001 give and Dwyer, 1999 Wallace, 1999 ODriscoll et al., 1992). Also, the term of work- flavor respite is not the one employ to quarter the aforesaid(prenominal) issues around the world. diverse researchers gave diametrical monetary value to the issue in their own studies. For example, ODriscoll et al. (1992) best-loved the term inter- theatrical social function contest to secernate the contests inwardly an separates roles work-family engagement brought up by major(ip) et al. (2001) and play a joke on and Dwyer (1999) work-to-nonwork conflict proposed by Wallace (1999). Dow-Clarke (2002) defined WLB with respect to family look, income and the life rhythm of her selected employees.The work hours in WLB represent as short as achieving or maintaining individuals sought after symmetricalness betwixt work and family life. The Department of concern an d manufacturing (DTI) in UK arrest do some comes of WLB in 2001, which argon flexi-time, staggered hours, time take away in lieu, crocked working weeks, channel swapping, self-rostering, working from rest home and and so onHowever, about of the practices ar not pragmatical to the workers in structure industry, in particular in this study. elastic working hours have been proposed in Hong Kong for several years, but it is not very popular the practice has been only back up by large business companies and the Government. To compact down the literatures review of WLB, the individualised do of working pertinacious hours on WLB would be focuse.2.3.2 face-to-face cause of abundant working hours on Work-Life difference in that location atomic number 18 so m whatever want hours standards in the confuse researches, some interviewed the employees working for 42 hours per week and some save the employees working more than 50 hours per week (Galambos and Walters , 1992 Wallace, 1999). It is not easy to study the make on spacious works. This review would aim to the effects on WLB only.As it is hard to measure the impacts of work on home, Kodz et al. (2001) cogitate that al most(prenominal) of the researches in like mannerk off attitudinal survey or geek study approaches. The survey released by DTI and guidance straight off in 2002, screening that the UK employees would favour shorter working hours or else than win the lottery and most of the workers admitted the low availability of any plastic working practices.For the effects on family life, at that place ar triad associations due to working big hours, (1) breaking to family activities, (2) Dis rapture with the exponentiation and the measuring of time exhausted in kidskin cargon, and (3) Dis joy with the measure of time played out with couples (La Valle et al., 2002). For the effects on personal life, they be relevant to depression and anxiety, stress, work life and role strain (Dow-Clarke, 2000 Galambos and Walters, 1992). In addition, Wallace (1999) cogitate that the work life of individuals was the encroacher to the family life.2.3.3 ascertain of Work-Life end withal the negative effects of working abundant hours on WLB, at that place ar some practices like stringent week memorial and flexi-time account would be absolute for working performance, job triumph and bliss with work schedule (Baltes et al. 1999).As mentioned before, at that place ar some practices for improving WLB, which be all related to the work hours. negotiable time schedule, staggered hours, pissed week, miscue swapping, self-rostering, one-year hours, job sharing, working from home, and etc (DTI, 2001). all of them argon the mechanisms to bring up the employees attitudes to work.Invancevich (1974) carried out a work performance compare in the midst of workers worked for mat workweek and workers worked for standard schedule and Baltes et al . (1999) appraised the work performance of workers under flex-time and flat workweek, both of the studies showed the dogmatic outcomes in shorter workweek. The latter(prenominal) study reflected job happiness and satisfaction with work schedule alike. Baltes et al. (1999) pointed that the tyrannical effects of insipid workweek would not light over time, and thither was no open frame to the productiveness of absenteeism too.The res publica of Work-Life equaliser in Hong Kong vista (2010) showed the problems resulting from wretched WLB, at that place were the responses from employees. around 60% of respondents snarl fatigue level, drowsiness and uttermost(prenominal) tiredness extended by the pitiful work-life offset. Third of them complained the loss of fare of time to take place with family. Over a quarter of employees believed that their work hours invaded to their social life and go down their job productiveness. The results should be approximately same as the Work Life respite look of Hong Kong operative macrocosm published by HKU in 2009. To make a conclusion, the pathetic work-life balance affects the time system of rules of the employees throughout a day, functions as a stressor to the workers and harms the health of the workers.2.4 Hypotheses of moot bulky working hours is accepted as an fixings in the local wrench industry. The factors for foresighted working hours of each individual are various, most of them could be classified as four dimensions, requirements of jobs, income, cultures of workplaces and work satisfaction provided (Lindy,2009 Raphael and Itzhak, 2006 Weston et al., 2002).Impacts due to commodious working hours have been discussed for more years, which could be personal, family and social related. At the substantiating side, the employee could be served as a hardworking, motivated person, who should be a role model in a family (Dex et al., 1995). At the negative side, the natural and psychologic al health, family life, social communicate and recourse problems are being bear on by the long working hours (Lindy, 2009 Johanna and Joanne, 2003 play tricks and Dwyer, 1999).Work-life balance is an grand image in a financial support person, but it is just mentioned for years in Hong Kong. there are galore(postnominal) practices used to improve the balance, to reduce the harmonize of work hours within the whole life. such as tensile time schedule, staggered hours, monotone workweek, pitch swapping, self-rostering, annual hours, job sharing, working from home, and etc are the slipway used over the world (DTI, 2001 Baltes et al., 1999 Invancevich, 1974). For the consequences due to queasy work-life, in that location are loss of the date in family activities and nipper care, the aggregate of time with couples and just of stress and anxiety (La Valle et al., 2002 Dow-Clarke, 2000 Wallace, 1999 Galambos and Walters, 1992). possibility 1- As suggested by the anteced ent literatures, long working hours truly affect the employee by diametrical dimensions (Fox and Dwyer, 1999 Galambos and Walters, 1992). The workers are operate to work for chronic hours by their own motivations (Lindy, 2009 Raphael and Itzhak, 2006). Since the grad of satisfaction in working long hours is contrasting by people, it hypothesizes that the attitudes towards motivations that can upgrade workers satisfaction in long working hours. surmisal 2- As mentioned before, people with nauseated work-life will diminish their time in active activities other than works (La Valle et al., 2002 Wallace 1999 Baltes et al. 1999), and make the life not well essential and healthy. It hypothesizes that tensile work correspondence can help work-life balance in all aspects like personal life, family life and productivity of work.CHAPTER 3methodological analysis3.1 baseIn the antecedent chapter, the background of the work hour problems go about by the workers in the social syst em industry was reviewed. Besides, the problems generate by long working hours and influences of Work-Life equilibrize were introduced in the literature review.The objectives of this study are (1) to target the drawbacks of working hours to the local workers (2) to examine the likely impacts due to excessively long working hours of the workers in the edifice body structure industry (3) to position the concept of work-life balance (4) to examine the booster cable international practice on lordly the maximum number of working hours of individual workers per week.In order to action the research objectives, a questionnaire survey had been conducted to collect information from whirl workers, and a questions set with cover earn for interviews was knowing to collect opinions from the union leaders and advise managers in expression usual asserter firms. This chapter outlines the aspiration of questionnaires, questions design of the interviews, data sight method and me thod of analysis undertaken in the next chapter.3.2 Questionnaire pictureIn order to achieve the research objectives, a 10 questions questionnaire was knowing (see accessory 1). function I necessitate the respondents to provide their introductory information such as gender, age, experience in the construction industry and form of employment. subdivision II essential the respondents to provide their usual quotidian working hours and weekly work days, overall working hours per week, shape day-after-day rest time and evaluate the on-line(prenominal) length of working hours. recrudesce deuce-ace listed the possible reasons for overtime work correspondence from applicative cases (see disconcert 3.1). The respondents were asked to check the top quintuplet reasons confront and sort the elect reasons with song (1=most common, 5=least common).shortfall of LaboursThere are not copious labours and too many another(prenominal) works remained. scummy recording of mater ials and/ or equipmentsThe arrangement of materials and/ or equipments is not comfortable to the construction processes on site. shortsighted site commission planning is not operable lavish and/ or the schedules of work are not cutting-edge or pitiable leading of supervisor.Reworks call forThere are construction mistakes due to ill-defined instructions, neglect of supervisions, forgetful quality control, regardless mistakes made by workers and/ or irrelevant installations.Equipments damageEquipments are modify and/ or mal-function under normal operations.Changes of design irregular scheduling caused by changes of design, supplying and construction of work have to be revised. arrest of have expiration of contract is too short for normal construction process. unprovided for(predicate) brave social system processes could not be operated caused by pitiful or unpredicted weather, and then(prenominal) there is a delay.OthersThere are reasons not mentioned but happen in practical construction site.3.3 information entreatyThe targeted respondents of the questionnaire are the front-line workers who work in construction site. ii pages questionnaire was sent to the contractor firms and distributed to the targeted respondents. And some of the unruffled questionnaires were interviewed by face-to-face.The targeted interviewees were the project managers or site agents who are working in make general contractor firms and the leaders of the local labour unions. The questions set was sent to the targeted interviewees, netmail reception and yell interviews were conducted.3.4 entropy analytic thinking method actingIn this research, the data analysis was carried out by SPSS 17.0 for windows, including function